What does conducting a hazard analysis involve in HACCP?

Date modified: 22nd September 2025 | This FAQ page has been written by Pilla Founder, Liam Jones, click to email Liam directly, he reads every email.

Conducting a hazard analysis in HACCP means identifying potential food safety risks at each step of your food production and handling processes. This is the first and crucial step in creating a HACCP plan. It involves looking at each stage, from receiving ingredients to serving customers, and pinpointing where things might go wrong, like contamination or growth of bacteria.

Common misunderstanding: Hazard analysis is only about spotting obvious risks.

Hazard analysis goes beyond the obvious; it requires a detailed examination of each step in your process to identify not just visible risks but also those that are less apparent. This includes considering how ingredients are stored, how food is prepared, and even how it is served.

Common misunderstanding: Once a hazard analysis is done, it doesn’t need to be revisited.

Hazard analysis is not a one-time task. It should be revisited and updated regularly to reflect changes in processes, ingredients, or regulations. Keeping your hazard analysis current ensures ongoing food safety.

How do you evaluate food safety hazards effectively?

To effectively evaluate food safety hazards, you need to assess the severity and likelihood of each identified hazard causing harm. This involves understanding the potential impact of each hazard and the probability of its occurrence. Factors like temperature control, cross-contamination risks, and employee hygiene practices are all considered during this evaluation.

Common misunderstanding: All hazards are equally dangerous.

Not all hazards pose the same level of risk. Some might be critical and require immediate action, while others might be less severe. Prioritising hazards based on their risk helps in focusing resources on controlling the most significant threats first.

Common misunderstanding: Evaluation is subjective and varies greatly between evaluators.

While there's a subjective element, using established guidelines and criteria for evaluating hazards can standardise the process. Training and clear protocols help ensure that evaluations are consistent and based on sound judgment.

What types of hazards should be identified in a HACCP plan?

In a HACCP plan, you should identify three main types of hazards: biological, chemical, and physical. Biological hazards include bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Chemical hazards could be pesticides, food additives, or toxins. Physical hazards are foreign objects like glass, metal fragments, or bone shards that might contaminate food.

Common misunderstanding: Only raw ingredients pose hazards.

Hazards can be introduced at any stage of the food production process, not just from raw ingredients. Contamination can also occur through improper handling, incorrect storage, or cross-contamination with other foods.

Common misunderstanding: Larger pieces of physical contamination are the main concern.

While larger objects are a concern, smaller and less detectable items like hair or small pieces of plastic are also significant hazards. These can often go unnoticed but pose a real risk to food safety.

UK Official Guidance

USA Official Guidance

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How does a HACCP system help prevent food contamination?

A HACCP system identifies potential food safety issues and implements preventative measures to avoid problems before they start, significantly reducing the risk of food contamination and ensuring customer safety.

What are critical control points (CCPs) in a HACCP system?

In a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system, critical control points (CCPs) are stages where control is crucial to prevent, reduce, or eliminate a food safety hazard to an acceptable level. Cooking, for instance, is a CCP because it is essential to cook food to the correct temperature to eliminate harmful bacteria. It is important to identify these points to ensure food safety effectively.

What is the origin of HACCP and how is it used today?

HACCP, which stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point, was created in the 1960s by the Pillsbury Company alongside NASA. Its initial purpose was to secure food safety for space missions.

What is the difference between a HACCP plan and a Food Safety Management System?

A HACCP plan specifically focuses on identifying and controlling critical points in the food production process to prevent safety hazards.

What should food businesses do when a critical limit is not met?

When a critical limit in a HACCP plan is breached, food businesses must immediately take corrective actions.

What are critical limits and how are they set?

Critical limits are specific thresholds set to ensure food safety during production, based on scientific research.

Why must a HACCP plan be validated and reviewed regularly?

Regular validation and review of a HACCP plan are crucial to ensure the effectiveness and relevance of food safety measures.

What records must be kept under a HACCP plan?

A HACCP plan requires keeping comprehensive records to prove the effectiveness of your food safety processes and compliance with safety standards.

What is involved in monitoring critical control points?

Monitoring critical control points (CCPs) is crucial in the HACCP system to ensure food safety.

What is the role of a HACCP team in food businesses?

In food businesses, a HACCP team is vital for ensuring food safety. This team is tasked with developing, implementing, and maintaining the HACCP system.

How can HACCP be built into overall quality assurance?

Integrating HACCP into overall quality assurance involves making it an integral part of daily operations to ensure that food safety drives quality across all food services.