What are critical control points (CCPs) in a HACCP system?

Date modified: 22nd September 2025 | This FAQ page has been written by Pilla Founder, Liam Jones, click to email Liam directly, he reads every email.

In a HACCP system, critical control points (CCPs) are the stages where control is applied to prevent or reduce a food safety hazard to an acceptable level. Identifying these points helps ensure that food is safe to eat. For example, cooking is a CCP because it's crucial to cook food to a certain temperature to kill harmful bacteria.

Common misunderstanding: Every step in the food production process is a critical control point.

Not all steps in food production are CCPs. Only those that can prevent, eliminate, or reduce a hazard to an acceptable level are considered critical. It’s important to focus on these key areas to effectively manage food safety.

Common misunderstanding: CCPs are the same in every food business.

CCPs vary depending on the type of food being produced and the specific processes involved. Each business needs a tailored HACCP plan that identifies CCPs relevant to their operations.

How are CCPs determined in a food production process?

CCPs are determined during the hazard analysis stage of developing a HACCP plan. The team identifies potential hazards and then analyses which steps in the process control these hazards. For instance, if bacterial contamination is a risk, the cooking step might be a CCP because proper cooking temperatures kill bacteria.

Common misunderstanding: CCPs are based on personal judgment alone.

Identifying CCPs is not just a matter of opinion. It involves a systematic analysis based on scientific data and regulatory standards to determine where hazards can be effectively controlled.

Common misunderstanding: Once CCPs are set, they do not need to be reviewed.

CCPs should be regularly reviewed and updated based on new information, changes in equipment, or changes in the production process to ensure they remain effective in controlling hazards.

Why are CCPs essential for food safety management?

CCPs are essential because they target the specific steps in food production where hazards can be prevented, eliminated, or reduced to safe levels. Proper management of CCPs helps prevent foodborne illnesses and ensures compliance with food safety regulations. For example, ensuring that chicken is cooked to the right temperature can prevent salmonella poisoning.

Common misunderstanding: CCPs only need to be monitored by the food safety manager.

Monitoring CCPs is a team effort. While the food safety manager oversees the process, all staff involved in the production should understand and be trained to monitor and manage CCPs effectively.

UK Official Guidance

USA Official Guidance

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How does a HACCP system help prevent food contamination?

A HACCP system identifies potential food safety issues and implements preventative measures to avoid problems before they start, significantly reducing the risk of food contamination and ensuring customer safety.

What is the origin of HACCP and how is it used today?

HACCP, which stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point, was created in the 1960s by the Pillsbury Company alongside NASA. Its initial purpose was to secure food safety for space missions.

What is the difference between a HACCP plan and a Food Safety Management System?

A HACCP plan specifically focuses on identifying and controlling critical points in the food production process to prevent safety hazards.

What does conducting a hazard analysis involve in HACCP?

Conducting a hazard analysis in HACCP involves identifying potential food safety risks at each step of the food production and handling processes.

What should food businesses do when a critical limit is not met?

When a critical limit in a HACCP plan is breached, food businesses must immediately take corrective actions.

What are critical limits and how are they set?

Critical limits are specific thresholds set to ensure food safety during production, based on scientific research.

Why must a HACCP plan be validated and reviewed regularly?

Regular validation and review of a HACCP plan are crucial to ensure the effectiveness and relevance of food safety measures.

What records must be kept under a HACCP plan?

A HACCP plan requires keeping comprehensive records to prove the effectiveness of your food safety processes and compliance with safety standards.

What is involved in monitoring critical control points?

Monitoring critical control points (CCPs) is crucial in the HACCP system to ensure food safety.

What is the role of a HACCP team in food businesses?

In food businesses, a HACCP team is vital for ensuring food safety. This team is tasked with developing, implementing, and maintaining the HACCP system.

How can HACCP be built into overall quality assurance?

Integrating HACCP into overall quality assurance involves making it an integral part of daily operations to ensure that food safety drives quality across all food services.